Inequality reflects disparities in income, wealth, opportunities and access to resources, with wealth concentrated in the “Global North” while poverty persists worldwide. Economic inequality has roots in historical factors like colonization and continues through global trade systems that disadvantage low-income countries. Inequality affects access to health, education, and environmental resources, as poorer populations bear the brunt of climate change. International goals, like the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically aim to address these issues, with initiatives like Fairtrade promoting fairer trade and the Jubilee Debt Campaign seeking debt relief for poorer nations.